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    Timeline of music technology



    ==Dates==
    *1874 : [[Elisha Gray]]’s Musical Telegraph
    *1876 : [[Alexander Graham Bell]] completed his designs for the [[telephone]]. This device contributed to electric technologies that would subsequently be used in music technology)
    *1877 : [[Thomas Edison]] and [[Emile Berliner]] simultaneously invented the first prototypes of the [[phonograph]]
    *1888 : [[Thomas Edison]] introduces the electric motor-driven phonograph
    *1896 : [[Edwin S. Votey]] completes the first [[Pianola]]
    *1898 : [[Valdemar Poulsen]] patents the [[Telegraphone]]
    *1906 : [[Thaddeus Cahill]] introduces the [[Telharmonium]] to the public
    *1906 : [[Lee De Forest]] invented the [[Triode]], the first [[vacuum tube]]
    *1910 : [[Vladimir Baranoff-Rossine]] constructed the Piano Optophonique
    *1912 : Major Edwin F. Armstrong is issued a patent for a regenerative circuit, making radio reception practical
    *1915 : [[Lee de Forest]] created the Audion Piano
    *1917 : [[Leon Theremin]] invented the prototype of the [[Theremin]], an instrument which is played without touching it, as it detects the proximity of the hands
    *1921 : First commercial AM radio Broadcast made by KDKA, Pittsburgh, PA
    *1926 : Jorge Mager presented his electronic instruments, in the Spharaphon line
    *1927 : Pierre Toulon and Krugg Bass invent the Cellulophone
    *1928 : René Bertrand invents the Dynaphone
    *1928 : [[Fritz Pfleumer]] patents a system for recording on paper coated with a magnetizable, powdered steel layer, precursor to [[Compact Cassette|tape]]
    *1929 : [[Laurens Hammond]] created the first [[Hammond Organ]]
    *1929 : [[Nikolay Obukhov]] commissioned Michel Billaudot and Pierre Duvalie to design the Sonorous Cross
    *1929 : Peter Lertes and Bruno Helberger developed the Hellertion
    *1930 : Robert Hitcock completes the Westinghouse Organ
    *1930 : Freidrich Trautwein invents the [[Trautonium]]
    *1931 : Alan Blumlein, working for EMI in London, in effect, patents stereo
    *1932 : Nicholas Langer built the Emicon
    *1932 : Yevgeny Alexandrovith Sholpo constructed the [[Variophone]]
    *1932 : Harry F. Olson patents the first cardioid ribbon microphone
    *1933 : Ivan Eremeef invents the Gnome
    *1934 : [[NEC]] engineer Akira Nakishima’s [[switching circuit theory]] lays foundations for [[digital circuit]] design<ref name=”nakashima”>Radomir S. Stanković, Jaakko Astola (2008), [http://ticsp.cs.tut.fi/reports/reprint-nakashima-rr.pdf Reprints from the Early Days of Information Sciences: TICSP Series On the Contributions of Akira Nakashima to Switching Theory], TICSP Series #40, Tampere International Center for Signal Processing, [[Tampere University of Technology]]</ref>
    *1934 : Milton Taubman constructed the [[Electronde]]
    *1935 : [[Yamaha]] releases [[Magna Organ]], an early [[electrostatic reed organ]]<ref>{{cite news | script-title=ja:一時代を画する新楽器完成 浜松の青年技師山下氏 |trans-title=An epoch new musical instrument was developed by a young engineer Mr.Yamashita in Hamamatsu | url = http://www.lib.kobe-u.ac.jp/das/jsp/ja/ContentViewM.jsp?METAID=00078861&TYPE=PRINT_FILE&POS=1 | language = Japanese | newspaper = [[Hochi Shimbun]] | date = 1935-06-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | script-title=ja:新電氣樂器 マグナオルガンの御紹介 |trans-title=New Electric Musical Instrument – Introduction of Magna Organ | url = http://blog.goo.ne.jp/1971913/e/42d486d769c1ce9c2c5a426e00f18b68 | language = Japanese | date = October 1935 | publisher = 日本樂器製造株式會社 ([[Yamaha Corporation|Yamaha]]) | location = Hamamatsu | quote = 特許第一〇八六六四号, 同　第一一〇〇六八号, 同　第一一一二一六号}}</ref>
    *1935 : BASF prepares first plastic-based magnetic tapes
    *1936 : [[Harald Bode]] designed the Warbo Formenn Organ
    *1936 : [[Oskar Vierling]] and [[Winston Kock]] designed the Grosstonorgel
    *1937 : [[Orson Welles]], first director to use studio electronics, during his broadcast of ”[[War of the Worlds]]”
    *1938 : [[Georges Jenny]] develops the [[Ondioline]]
    *1938 : Benjamin B. Baur of Shure Bros. engineers a single microphone element to produce a cardioid pickup pattern (it picks up less sounds from the sides of the microphone, reducing unwanted sound pickup)
    *1939 : Homer W. Dudley invented the Parallel Bandpass Vocoder
    *1940 : [[Karl Willy Wagner|Karl Wagner]] early development of Voice Synthesizers, precursors of the [[vocoder]]
    *1940 : Homer W. Dudley introduced the Voder Speech Synthesizer
    *1940 : The Hammond Organ Company releases the Solovox
    *1941 : Commercial FM broadcasting begins in the US
    *1944 : [[Halim El-Dabh]] produces ”The Expression of Zaar”, the earliest piece of [[Electroacoustic music|electroacoustic tape music]]<ref name=”wire_2007″>{{citation|title=The Wire, Volumes 275-280|work=[[The Wire (magazine)|The Wire]]|year=2007|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lvo4AQAAIAAJ|accessdate=2011-06-05|page=24}}</ref><ref name=”holmes_156″>{{cite book|title=Electronic and experimental music: technology, music, and culture|first=Thom|last=Holmes|edition=3rd|publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]]|year=2008|isbn=978-0-415-95781-6|chapter=Early Synthesizers and Experimenters|page=156|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hCthQ-bec-QC&pg=PA156|accessdate=2011-06-04}}</ref>
    *1944 : [[Harold Rhodes (inventor)|Harold Rhodes]] built the first prototype of the [[Rhodes Piano]]
    *1945 : The Hammond Organ Company commissioned John Hanert to design the Hanert Synthesizer
    *1946 : [[Jennings Musical Instruments]] releases the [[Univox]]
    *1946 : [[Raymond Scott]] patented the Orchestra Machine
    *1947 : [[Constant Martin]] constructed the [[Clavioline]]
    *1948 : [[Bell Laboratories]] reveal the first [[transistor]]
    *1948 : The microgroove 33-1/3 rpm [[LP record|vinyl record (LP)]] is introduced by Columbia Records
    *1951 : Pultec introduces the first passive program equalizer, the EQP-1
    *1952 : [[Harry F. Olson]] and Herbert Belar invent the [[RCA Synthesizer]]
    *1952 : Osmand Kendal develops the [[Composer-Tron]] for the Canadian branch of the Marconi Wireless Company
    *1955 : Ampex develops “Sel-Sync” (Selective Synchronous Recording), making audio overdubbing practical
    *1956 : Les Paul makes the first 8-track recordings using the “sel-sync” method
    *1956 : [[Raymond Scott]] develops the [[Clavivox]]
    *1958 : First commercial stereo disk recordings produced by Audio Fidelity
    *1958 : [[Evgeny Murzin]] along with several colleagues create the [[ANS synthesizer]]
    *1958 : At [[Texas Instruments]], [[Jack Kilby]] creates the first [[integrated circuit]]
    *1959 : [[Daphne Oram]] develops a programming technique known as [[Oramics]]
    *1959 : [[Wurlitzer]] manufactures The Sideman, the first commercial electro-mechanical [[drum machine]]
    *1963 : Keio Electronics (later [[Korg]]) produces the [[DA-20]], an early [[drum machine]]
    *1963 : The [[Mellotron]] starts to be manufactured in [[London]]
    *1963 : Phillips introduces the [[Compact Cassette]] tape format
    *1963 : Paul Ketoff designs the SynKet
    *1964 : [[Ikutaro Kakehashi]] debuts [[Ace Tone]] R-1 Rhythm Ace, the first [[electronic drum]]<ref name=”sos_roland”>{{citation |last=Reid |first=Gordon |year=2004 |title=The History Of Roland Part 1: 1930&ndash;1978 |journal=[[Sound on Sound]] |issue=November |url=http://www.soundonsound.com/sos/nov04/articles/roland.htm |accessdate=19 June 2011 }}</ref><ref>Matt Dean (2011), [https://books.google.com/books?id=9RmN7w8kVpAC&pg=PA390 ”The Drum: A History”, page 390], [[Scarecrow Press]]</ref><ref name=”fact2016″>{{Cite web|url=http://www.factmag.com/2016/09/22/the-14-drum-machines-that-shaped-modern-music/|title = The 14 drum machines that shaped modern music|date = 22 September 2016}}</ref>
    *1964 : The [[Moog synthesizer]] is released
    *1965 : [[Nippon Columbia]] patents an early electronic [[drum machine]]<ref name=US3482027>{{cite web|url=http://www.google.ms/patents/US3482027|title=Automatic rhythm instrument|publisher=}}</ref>
    *1966 : [[Korg]] releases [[Korg Mini Pops|Donca-Matic DE-20]], an early electronic drum machine<ref name=DoncaMatic>
    {{cite web | title = Donca-Matic (1963) | url = http://www.korg.co.jp/SoundMakeup/Museum/Doncamatic/ | work = Korg Museum | publisher = [[Korg]]}}</ref>
    *1967 : [[Ace Tone]] releases FR-1 Rhythm Ace, the first electronic drum machine to enter [[popular music]]<ref name=”cambridge”>Russell Hartenberger (2016), [https://books.google.com/books?id=G2WSCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA84 ”The Cambridge Companion to Percussion”, page 84], [[Cambridge University Press]]</ref>
    *1967 : First [[PCM]] recorder developed by [[NHK]]<ref name=”Fine”>{{cite journal |author=Thomas Fine |year=2008 |title=The dawn of commercial digital recording |journal=[[Association for Recorded Sound Collections|ARSC Journal]] |volume=39 |issue=1 |pages=1–17 |url=http://www.aes.org/aeshc/pdf/fine_dawn-of-digital.pdf}}</ref>
    *1968 : [[Sharp Corporation|Sharp]] engineer [[Tadashi Sasaki (engineer)|Tadashi Sasaki]] conceives single-chip [[microprocessor]]<ref name=”sasaki”>{{cite web |url = http://www.ieeeghn.org/wiki/index.php/Oral-History:Tadashi_Sasaki |title = Oral-History: Tadashi Sasaki |last = Aspray |first = William |date = 1994-05-25 |work = Interview #211 for the Center for the History of Electrical Engineering |publisher = The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. |accessdate = 2013-01-02}}</ref>
    *1968 : Release of Shin-ei’s [[Uni-Vibe]], designed by Fumio Mieda, an [[effects pedal]] with [[Phaser (effect)|phase shift]] and [[chorus effect]]s<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Molenda|first1=Mike|last2=Pau|first2=Les|title=The Guitar Player Book: 40 Years of Interviews, Gear, and Lessons from the World’s Most Celebrated Guitar Magazine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zu3owmYkpZ0C|year=2007|publisher=Hal Leonard|page=222|isbn=9780879307820}}</ref>
    *1968 : [[King Tubby]] pioneers [[dub music]], an early form of popular [[electronic music]]<ref name=”veal”>Michael Veal (2013), [https://books.google.com/books?id=kYtiAgAAQBAJ&pg=PP54 ”Dub: Soundscapes and Shattered Songs in Jamaican Reggae”, pages 26-44, “Electronic Music in Jamaica”], [[Wesleyan University Press]]</ref>
    *1969 : [[Panasonic|Matsushita]] engineer Shuichi Obata invents first [[direct-drive turntable]], [[Technics (brand)|Technics SP-10]]<ref name=”billboard”>”[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]”, May 21, 1977, [https://books.google.com/books?id=XCMEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT140 page 140]</ref>
    *1970 : [[ARP 2600]] is manufactured
    *1971 : [[Busicom]]’s [[Masatoshi Shima]] and [[Intel]]’s [[Federico Faggin]] complete [[Intel 4004|4004]], the first commercial [[microprocessor]]<ref name=”ieee”>[[Federico Faggin]], [http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=4776530 The Making of the First Microprocessor], ”IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine”, Winter 2009, [[IEEE Xplore]]</ref>
    *1972 : [[Sord Computer Corporation]] develop Sord SMP80/08, an early [[microcomputer]]<ref name=”smp80″>[http://museum.ipsj.or.jp/en/computer/personal/0086.html 【Sord】 SMP80/x series], [[Information Processing Society of Japan]]</ref>
    *1973 : [[Yamaha]] release [[Yamaha GX-1]],<ref>Peter Manning, [https://books.google.com/books?id=ryet1i-8OlYC&pg=PA264 ”Electronic and Computer Music”, page 264], [[Oxford University Press]]</ref> the first [[polyphonic synthesizer]]<ref>[http://www.vintagesynth.com/yamaha/gx1.php Yamaha GX-1], Vintage Synth Explorer</ref>
    *1974 : Yamaha build first [[digital synthesizer]]<ref name=yamaha2014>{{cite web |ref={{sfnref|Yamaha|2014}} | title = [Chapter 2] FM Tone Generators and the Dawn of Home Music Production | url = http://usa.yamaha.com/products/music-production/synthesizers/synth_40th/history/chapter02/ | work = Yamaha Synth 40th Anniversary – History | year = 2014 | publisher = Yamaha Corporation}}</ref>
    *1976 : [[Boss Corporation|Boss]], a [[Roland Corporation|Roland]] subsidiary, release Boss CE-1 Chorus Ensemble, the first [[chorus pedal]]<ref name=”reverb”>[https://reverb.com/uk/news/tribute-ikutaro-kakehashi-and-rolands-impact-on-music Tribute: Ikutaro Kakehashi and Roland’s Impact on Music], [[Reverb.com]]</ref>
    *1977 : [[Roland Corporation|Roland]] release [[Roland MC-8 Microcomposer|MC-8 Microcomposer]], an early microprocessor-driven [[CV/Gate]] digital [[Music sequencer|sequencer]]<ref name=”sos_roland”/><ref name=”russ2012″>{{cite book | last = Russ |first = Martin | year = 2012 | title = Sound Synthesis and Sampling | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=X9h5AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA192 | publisher = [[CRC Press]] | isbn = 978-1136122149 | page = 192 | accessdate = 26 April 2017}}</ref>
    *1977 : [[Apple Inc.|Apple]] founder [[Steve Jobs]] introduces [[Apple II]], an early [[home computer]]
    *1977 : [[Sord Computer Corporation]] introduces Sord M200, an early home computer<ref>[http://museum.ipsj.or.jp/en/computer/personal/0087.html 【Sord】 M200 Smart Home Computer Series], [[Information Processing Society of Japan]]</ref>
    *1977 : [[Panafacom]] releases the Lkit-16, an early [[16-bit]] [[microcomputer]]<ref>[http://museum.ipsj.or.jp/en/heritage/PANAFACOM_Lkit-16.html PANAFACOM Lkit-16], [[Information Processing Society of Japan]]</ref>
    *1978 : [[Roland Corporation|Roland]] releases [[Roland CR-78|CR-78]], the first microprocessor-driven [[drum machine]]<ref name=”sos_roland”/>
    *1979 : [[Casio]] releases [[Casio VL-1|VL-1]],<ref>Mark Vail, ”The Synthesizer: A Comprehensive Guide to Understanding, Programming, Playing, and Recording the Ultimate Electronic Music Instrument”, page 277, [[Oxford University Press]]</ref> the first commercial [[digital synthesizer]]<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=Zo0XAQAAIAAJ ”Impact of MIDI on electroacoustic art music”, Issue 102], page 26, [[Stanford University]]</ref>
    *1980 : [[Fujio Masuoka]] invents [[flash memory]] at [[Toshiba]]<ref>{{cite web |last=Fulford |first= Benjamin |title=Unsung hero |work=Forbes |date=24 June 2002 |accessdate=18 March 2008 |url= https://www.forbes.com/global/2002/0624/030.html}}</ref><ref>{{patent|US|4531203|Fujio Masuoka}}</ref>
    *1980 : Roland releases [[Roland TR-808|TR-808]], the most widely used drum machine in popular music<ref>{{citation|title=A Beginner’s Guide to Digital Video|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=stvOCfhc_igC&pg=PA18|year=2004|first=Peter | last=Wells|page=18|publisher=AVA Books|isbn=2-88479-037-3|accessdate=2011-05-20}}</ref>
    *1980 : Roland introduces [[Digital Control Bus|DCB]] protocol and [[DIN sync|DIN]] interface with TR-808
    *1980 : [[Yamaha]] releases GS-1, the first [[FM synthesis|FM]] [[digital synthesizer]]
    *1980 : Kazuo Morioka creates Firstman SQ-01, the first [[bass synthesizer]] with a [[music sequencer]]<ref name=”Synrise-Firstman”>
    {{cite web | title = Firstman International | url = http://www.synrise.de/docs/types/f/firstman.htm | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20030420170643/http://www.synrise.de/docs/types/f/firstman.htm | archivedate = 2003-04-20 | language = German | work = SYNRISE | quote = ”FIRSTMAN existiert seit 1972 und hat seinen Ursprung in Japan. Dort ist dieFirma unter dem Markennamen HILLWOOD bekannt. HILLWOOD baute dann auch 1973 den quasi ersten Synthesizer von FIRSTMAN. Die Firma MULTIVOX liess ihre Instrumente von 1976 bis 1980 bei HILLWOOD bauen.<!– Siehe auch Hinweis unter SORKIN MUSIC CO.! Nach Europa gelangten die FIRSTMAN-Produkte über TAIYO. –>””,”””’SQ-10 / mon syn kmi ? (1980)”’ / Monophoner Synthesizer mit wahrscheinlich eingebautem Sequenzer. Die Tastatur umfasst 37 Tasten. Die Klangerzeugung beruht auf zwei VCOs.” | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref name=”jenkins”>Mark Jenkins (2009), [https://books.google.com/books?id=iI77AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA107 ”Analog Synthesizers”, pages 107-108], [[CRC Press]]</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20050308154533/http://www.soundonsound.com/sos/Jul02/articles/retrozone0702.asp A TALE OF TWO STRING SYNTHS], ”[[Sound on Sound]]”, July 2002</ref>
    *1981 : Roland releases [[TB-303]], a [[bass synthesizer]] that lays the foundations for [[Acid house|acid]] [[house music]]<ref name=”guardian”>{{cite web|last=Vine|first=Richard|title=Tadao Kikumoto invents the Roland TB-303|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2011/jun/15/tadao-kikumoto-roland|work=[[The Guardian]]|accessdate=9 July 2011|date=15 June 2011}}</ref>
    *1981 : Roland founder [[Ikutaro Kakehashi]] conceives [[MIDI]]<ref name=”chadab5100″>{{cite journal|last=Chadabe|first=Joel|authorlink=Joel Chadabe|date=1 May 2000|title=Part IV: The Seeds of the Future|journal=Electronic Musician|publisher=Penton Media|volume=XVI|issue=5|url=http://www.emusician.com/gear/0769/the-electronic-century-part-iv-the-seeds-of-the-future/145415|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120928230435/http://www.emusician.com/gear/0769/the-electronic-century-part-iv-the-seeds-of-the-future/145415|archivedate=28 September 2012}}</ref>
    *1981 : [[Toshiba]]’s [[:ja:LMD-649|LMD-649]], the first [[PCM]] digital [[Sampler (musical instrument)|sampler]], introduced with [[Yellow Magic Orchestra]]’s ”[[Technodelic]]”<ref>”[[:nl:Rockin’f|Rockin’f]]”, March 1982, [http://tokyosky.sub.jp/tokyosky_webmasters_blog/2011/02/f-19823-lmd-649-1982.html pages 140-141]</ref>
    *1981 : IBM introduces the [[IBM PC]], a 16-bit [[personal computer]]
    *1982 : [[Sony]] and [[Philips]] introduce [[compact disc]]
    *1982 : First MIDI [[synthesizer]]s released, [[Roland Jupiter-6]] and [[Sequential Circuits|Prophet 600]]<ref name=”russ”/>
    *1983 : Introduction of [[MIDI]], unveiled by [[Roland Corporation|Roland]]’s [[Ikutaro Kakehashi]] and [[Sequential Circuits]]’ [[Dave Smith (engineer)|Dave Smith]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.grammy.com/news/technical-grammy-award-ikutaro-kakehashi-and-dave-smith|title=Technical GRAMMY Award: Ikutaro Kakehashi And Dave Smith|publisher=|accessdate=31 August 2016}}</ref>
    *1983 : Roland releases MSQ-700, the first MIDI sequencer<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.roland.com/ca/company/history/|title=Roland – Company – History – Our History}}</ref>
    *1983 : Roland releases [[Roland TR-909|TR-909]], the first MIDI [[drum machine]]<ref name=”russ”>{{cite book |title=Sound synthesis and sampling |author=Martin Russ |page=66 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_W9Ek2LmPNMC&pg=PA365|isbn=9780240516929 |year=2004 }}</ref>
    *1983 : Roland releases [[Roland MC-202|MC-202]], the first [[groovebox]]<ref name=”emusician”>[http://www.emusician.com/gear/1332/roland-mc-202-microcomposer/32354 Roland MC-202 MicroComposer], ”[[Electronic Musician]]”, November 2001</ref>
    *1983 : [[Yamaha]] releases [[Yamaha DX7|DX7]], the first commercially successful [[digital synthesizer]]<ref name=Pinch2003>{{cite journal | last1 = Pinch | first1 = T. J. | last2 = Bijsterveld | first2 = Karin | author-link2 = Karin Bijsterveld | title = “Should One Applaud?” Breaches and Boundaries in the Reception of New Technology in Music | journal = Technology and Culture | volume = 44 | issue = 3 | date = July 2003 | pages = 536–559 | doi = 10.1353/tech.2003.0126 | s2cid = 132403480 | quote = By the time the first commercially successful digital instrument, the Yamaha DX7 (lifetime sales of two hundred thousand), appeared in 1983 …}}</ref>
    *1984 : Apple markets the [[Macintosh]] computer
    *1985 : [[Atari]] releases the [[Atari ST]] computer, designed by [[Shiraz Shivji]]<ref>”[[InfoWorld]]”, [https://books.google.com/books?id=nDAEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA44 October 16, 1989, page 44]</ref>
    *1985 : [[Akai]] releases the [[Akai S900|Akai S612]], a digital [[Sampler (musical instrument)|sampler]]
    *1986 : The first [[Digital mixing console|digital consoles]] appear
    *1987 : [[Digidesign]] markets [[Sound Tools]]
    *1988 : Akai introduces the [Music Production Controller] series of digital samplers
    *1994 : [[Yamaha]] unveils the ProMix 01