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- Rule of Thirds: The Rule of Thirds involves dividing up your image using 2 horizontal lines and 2 vertical lines. Points of interest in the scene should fall where the lines intersect. This draws the viewer’s eye into the composition, rather than just glancing at the center.
- Balanced Elements: Balance is about arranging the elements of a photo so that they naturally fit in a composition. It could be symmetrical, where elements on both sides of the image are mirrored, or asymmetrical, creating balance through color, size, or texture.
- Leading Lines: Leading lines guide the viewer’s eye through the photo, towards key areas of interest. These lines can be straight, diagonal, wavy, or any other dynamic shape.
- Framing: Use elements in your surroundings to frame the main subject. This helps isolate your main subject from the rest of the photo, drawing the viewer’s attention towards the subject.
- Perspective and Depth: By using different perspectives (e.g. low angle, high angle), you can change the perception of your scene. Using depth can also help separate the foreground from the background.
- Simplicity and Minimalism: Keeping compositions simple often leads to the best photographs. The viewer’s attention should not be distracted from the main focus of the image by unnecessary elements.
- Rule of Space: When photographing a moving subject or a person looking in a certain direction, it’s important to leave space in the direction of movement or gaze. This conveys a sense of direction and leads the viewer’s eyes naturally through the image.
- Color and Contrast: Use color and contrast to highlight the subject. High contrast images can be very dramatic. On the other hand, harmonious color combinations can give a calming effect.
- Patterns and Texture: Repeating patterns and textures can provide a strong visual interest, particularly if a pattern is suddenly, and unexpectedly, disrupted.
- Background: The background in a photo can either make or break the photo. When composing your photo, make sure to also consider the background, as it should support and not distract from the subject.