| Handwriting Analysis | This involves comparing handwriting samples to determine the author of a specific document. | Verifying signatures on cheques, wills or official correspondence. |
| Ink Analysis | This technique helps with the identification of the type of ink used, which can provide clues about the document’s age or source. | Distinguishing between inks used in different periods, identifying inks in suspect documents. |
| Paper Analysis | Forensic document examiners scrutinize the type and characteristics of paper used in a document, which can reveal information about its origin or authenticity. | Identifying characteristics of paper through watermarks, fiber content, weight, size, color, etc. |
| Indented Writing Analysis | Examiners may analyze impressions left on paper beneath the one written on for leads. | Identifying “ghost writing” on sheets beneath a written page. |
| Counterfeit Detection | Verification of valid legal documents and detection of fraudulent ones. | Checking the authenticity of currency, identification cards, passports and official certificates. |
| Digital Document Examination | Analysis of digital documents and electronic signatures. | Checking authenticity of electronic documents, metadata analysis, signature verification. |
| Age Determination | Use of chemical and physical analyses to estimate the age of a document. | Estimating when an older or historical document was created. |
